Pisa, one of Italy’s most visited by tourists in Italy, is the major airport hub in Tuscany and one of Italy’s centers of excellence in science and technology with three universities and many technology businesses. With more than 200.000 habitants in the urban area and over 300.000 monthly tourists, Pisa’s historic city centre was facing a dramatic increase in congestion. Due to the structure of the city increasing congestion impacted not only the immediate city center, but also major ingress and egress points. With the goal of reducing traffic to sustainable levels without harming the local economy, Pisa decided to introduce a congestion fee for the city center and major traffic roads. Due to the various different necessities of a highly tourist focussed infrastructure, the system for the congestion zone had to be highly variable in configuration covering not only the regulation of basic ingress and egress traffic, but allowing to regulate even time for certain categories of traffic (tourist busses, city logistics, habitants,…). As Pisa aimed for a digitalization of services, all fees should be payable over the internet as well as offline at the various helpdesks of PisaMo, the local public mobility company.

The key for the Santa Clara Valley Transit Authority train system is flexibility and modularity based on passenger volume and changing car configurations.

Countries throughout the world have a need, and in many cases a legal obligation, to ensure air quality is meeting specific standards. Policies aim to reduce exposure to air pollution, by reducing emissions and setting limits and targets for AQI. Public authorities in cities have deployed static stations to monitor air quality data for a set of pollutant with specific, and high cost, sensing technologies. These stations provide highly accurate data but their cost limits the quantity of deployments, leaving large gaps in coverage.