In the past, sodium lamps have been expensive to install and maintain, requiring manual inspection and manual controls.

The Global Certification Forum (GCF) is the organisational backbone to GCF Certification. Founded in 1999, the membership driven Forum brings together technical experts from the world's leading Manufacturers, Operators and the Test Industry. Together members define the certification requirements that really work for the industry - because they have been developed by the industry.Any device incorporating cellular mobile connectivity can be certified:- Featurephones and Smartphones- Tablets- USB Modems- Portable WiFi Hotspots- Embedded Modules- Laptops- Connected Consumer and M2M/IoT devicesThe GCF scheme evolves in sync with developments in mobile technologies and the changing needs of the industry. It is the only device certification scheme that cover all these technologies:- LTE (3GPP)- 3G UMTS (3GPP)- GSM (3GPP)- CDMA2000 (3GPP2)GCF members include leading mobile network operators representing all the key markets worldwide, over 70 device manufacturers and other stakeholders such as test system suppliers and test laboratories.GCF's current priorities are to reduce industry costs and improve end-user experience by:- Promoting adoption of GCF certification by the mobile industry in markets where it is not presently used- Promoting GCF Certification for any product that incorporates mobile connectivity- Increasing the use of GCF Certification in its current core markets in Asia Pacific, China, Europe and North America,

GreenTouch is a consortium of leading Information and Communications Technology (ICT) industry, academic and non-governmental research experts dedicated to fundamentally transforming communications and data networks, including the Internet, and significantly reducing the carbon footprint of ICT devices, platforms and networks.Two factors motivated the formation of GreenTouch in early 2010. First, energy consumption in ICT networks is increasing in part due to exponential network growth, especially with the explosion of wireless data traffic. Network growth is outpacing equipment efficiency, which is slowing as limits to historical capacity and scaling laws loom. This trend could adversely affect the Internet and the broad energy efficiency benefits that ICT networks and associated smart technologies enable. The second motivation is the urgent need to meet the global challenge of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Every industry must play its part and ICT, at the forefront of technology, can be a leader here.To dramatically reduce the energy consumption of today’s ICT networks, a radical new approach was needed. Meeting the challenge depends on collaborative efforts that take advantage of innovation and expertise from around the world. GreenTouch brings together this expertise in a consortium whose members -- leading industry enterprises, entrepreneurs, and researchers from across the ICT community -- work in concert to invent the technologies that can achieve sustainable networks in the decades to come.GreenTouch has also been stimulated by recent research that identifies a gap between rapid network growth rates today and historical equipment efficiency improvements -- a gap that promises to increase over the decades ahead. Technologies in use today, even considering best-case projected energy efficiency improvements, are not expected to be sufficient to check the rate of energy consumption over the long term. At the same time, key technology energy limits associated with existing underlying components of ICT networks (optical, wireless, electronics, routing, architecture, etc.) are still many orders of magnitude below current operating levels.

OMA was formed by the world’s leading mobile operators, device and network suppliers, information technology companies and content providers as the industry focal point for the development of mobile service enabler specifications. OMA is a non-profit organization that delivers open specifications for creating interoperable services that work across all geographical boundaries, on any bearer network. OMA’s specifications support the billions of new and existing terminals across a variety of wireless networks, including traditional cellular operator networks and emerging networks supporting machine-to-machine device communications for the Internet of Things (IoT).Significant new work in OMA is leading to the development of next generation mobile services in areas such as Device Management, LBS, IoT, APIs and more.Goals of OMA:- Deliver high quality, open technical specifications based upon market requirements that drive modularity, extensibility, and consistency amongst enablers to reduce industry implementation efforts.- Ensure OMA service enabler specifications provide interoperability across different devices, geographies, service providers, operators, and networks; facilitate interoperability of the resulting product implementations.- Be the catalyst for the consolidation of standards activity within the mobile data service industry; working in conjunction with other existing standards organizations and industry fora to improve interoperability and decrease operational costs for all involved.- Provide value and benefits to members in OMA from all parts of the value chain including content and service providers, information technology providers, mobile operators and wireless vendors such that they elect to actively participate in the organization.

Oracle is a leader in enterprise software and provides hardware and services to help companies improve their processes. Best known for its focus on databases, it offers aid in areas such as managing business data, collaboration and application development, customer relationship management, and supply chain management.Year founded; 1977Revenue: $38.2 billion (2015)NYSE: ORCL

Google specializes in Internet-related services and products. These include online advertising technologies, search, cloud computing, and software.Year founded: 1988Revenue: $66.0 billion (2014)NASDAQ: GOOG

China Telecommunications Corporation is a Chinese state-owned telecommunication company. It is the largest fixed-line service and the third largest mobile telecommunication provider in the People's Republic of China. The company provide fixed-line and Xiaolingtong telephone services to 216 million people as of April 2008.