There were several challenges faced: It is challenging to build an appliance that can withstand a wide range of voltage fluctuations from as low at 90v to as high as 320v. Since the device would be installed in remote locations, its resilience was of paramount importance. The device would have to deal with poor network coverage and have the ability to store and re-transmit data if networks were not available, which is often the case in rural India. The device could store up to 30 days of data.

Key stakeholders are taking a comprehensive approach to rethinking smart city innovation. City leaders have collaborated through partnerships involving government, research institutions and solution providers. The Copenhagen Solutions Lab is one of the leading organizations at the forefront of this movement. By bringing together manufacturers with municipal buyers, the Copenhagen Solutions Lab has catalyzed the development and deployment of next-generation smart city innovations. Copenhagen is leveraging this unique approach to accelerate the implementation of smart city solutions. One of the primary focus areas is LED street lighting.

In the past, sodium lamps have been expensive to install and maintain, requiring manual inspection and manual controls.

Barcelona’s heavy traffic and its associated high levels of pollution were the primary factors that motivated some companies and universities to work on strategies for improving traffic in the city centre. Bitcarrier is one of the technologies involved in the In4Mo Project, whose main objective is to develop the applications that form the core of smart mobility, one of the fundamental pillars of the smart city concept.

Birmingham wanted to attract more investment, generate more employment, promote sustainability and offer a better quality of life to their citizens. Birmingham needed a solution that can solve the following problems: „lack of statutory authority to enforce specific technology requirements, absence of universal standards to disparate networks, fragmented and incomplete GIS information about city utilities, bureaucratic nature of civic planning processes, rising demand for high-speed connectivity and need for more bandwidth and power for data-intensive services.

All Traffic Solutions needed to reduce software complexity so that they could quickly and effectively build out and enhance smart, connected applications without the need to develop their own backend infrastructure and development platform. Ted Graef, All Traffic Solution’s president, emphasizes that it is no longer enough for the company to deliver the best hardware; their hardware must become part of a larger ecosystem that is centered on automating all related business processes and evolving them into a simple-to-use suite of real-time, software-driven services. All Traffic Solutions took a significant step in its connected services evolution when the company decided to include standardized wireless capabilities in all of its products. The move required the company to its hardware costs, yet the belief was - and the reality turned out to be - that their customers would quickly be able to make up for the additional costs through significant improvements in workforce and customer service efficiency. The bold stroke, however, was not the conversion to wireless hardware. Rather, it was in recognizing that to be successful within a rapidly evolving mobile and wireless world, All Traffic Solutions had to also significantly enhance its software capabilities. Graef says the company understood that it had to deliver software that would provide valuable services, and make it easy for its customers to promptly make sense of the real-time data and alerts that would be transmitted and collected.

The local administration of the city of Nice faced a critical mobility situation which was causing serious management problems and pollution harmful to the quality of life of its citizens. The objective of the project developed with our partners for the Nice administration was to reduce the vehicle flow to the city centre and encourage the use of alternative transport.

Barcelona city was receiving large amounts of data vertically organized, unable to effectively manage and visualize them in real time on one screen. Barcelona sought an innovative way of managing their assets and resources, along with improving their processes.Data coming from street lighting, traffic, blue zone free parking spots, waste disposal and trucks, acoustic and atmospheric contamination, irrigation system, electric supply stations sensors and actuators.

We all are familiar with electronic road signs both those fixed to overpasses and those portable devices on the highway or even secondary back roads. For far too long it was costly and difficult to update the messages on these signs as it required an approved individual (Police, Department of Transportation, etc.) to update these signs. This is especially critical during safety events such as an Amber Alert - a better solution was needed.

• Liaoyuan's demands for building a high-quality smart city, covering multiple sectors, including city management, emergency command, public security, and health care. • Unable to connect different functional sectors for lack of a unified information system; without IoT, city management is restricted to manual intervention.

With 133,000 inhabitants that receives more than 2 million tourists a year, this seasonal influx complicated access to the Ibiza's centre and caused congestion of vehicles looking for parking in La Marina. This affected the well-being of the population and even had a negative impact on trade and the image of the area. The project that we implemented for the local government sought to: -Speed up parking in La Marina. -Reduce vehicle flow to the centre. -Improve the quality of life and satisfaction of residents and tourists. -Promote the shopping area of the centre.

The challenge with the city of Paris was to improve multiple city services and as a hub for smart city innovation, Paris has committed to reduce public lighting energy consumption.

The City of Eindhoven is aimed to manage a street in the center of town - Stratumseind - the longest and most vibrant street in the Netherlands with more than 50 bars and nightclubs.

Road congestion and strained transportation networks are persistent concerns associated with the rapid urbanization of developing and developed economies. A 2015 study1 reported that travel delays due to traffic congestion led to the waste of 3.1 billion gallons of fuel and a loss of nearly 7 billion extra hours to travelers during rush hour traffic, with a nationwide cost of around $160 billion, or $960 per commuter. Alleviating traffic congestion, in addition to improving safety, is leading public and private organizations to explore new mobility paradigms such as ride-share autonomous vehicles. GOAL The goal of the Connected Vehicle Urban Traffic Management (CVUTM) testbed is to create a smart road traffic ecosystem featuring connected vehicles using vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) technologies, sensor fusion, industrial IoT platforms, cloud infrastructure, and edge analytics. This testbed will serve to preempt road congestion, automatically detect unusual eventson the road, and enable cooperative movement of traffic. In due course, both autonomous and non-autonomous vehicles will participate in this ecosystem with a goal of minimizing road congestion and improve overall improving motorist and pedestrian safety.

Optimising parking management efficiency is the main challenge of car park operators. Estapar is Brazil's most important car park operator. It needed a solution to simplify parking control, making the work of traffic wardens more efficient and improving the accessibility of vehicles to parking areas. The aim of the project developed for Estapar in Santa Barbara Oeste was to: optimise operating costs, increase the rotation and occupancy of spaces and, therefore, parking revenue, reduce the time spent looking for a parking space and improve the citizen's parking experience.

Vienna City Council needed a new way to deliver a better service, higher quality care and more transparency while cutting costs and minimizing bureaucracy. The chosen solution must have the following requirements: consolidation of multiple data within a single management system, a user-friendly interface, compliance with new regulatory requirements, „cultural sensitivity to the differing requirements of multiple faiths, and more transparency for tracking cases.

By connecting thousands of sensors to an extensive network, Austria's autobahn corporation, ASFINAG, has created a smart highway designed to clear traffic jams before they happen. Through the Internet of Everything, ASFINAG gets the data needed to keep roads safe and drivers happy. Challenge: • Gain data on road, traffic, and weather conditions • Communicate accurate information to drivers

In order to catalyze innovation and economic development, Bristol aims to build a platform for the development of smart city applications that will promote innovation and deliver a better quality of life for it's residents. It is partnering with Bristol University to promote Bristol Is Open (BIO) — an effort to deploy and trial a citywide smart city network.

The City of Mississauga in Ontario, Canada, improved services with a private fiber network and a citywide wireless network using Cisco solutions. Key Challenges: • Provide open and accessible government • Help enable better decisions through research and analytics • Create a connected and engaged workforce • Improve services through innovation

The capital of the Valencia region wanted to bring together all of its services, allowing for the management of public resources through a single connectivity platform and enhancing areas such as transport, energy, efficiency and environmental services. Thus becoming the first Spanish city to centralise all of its municipal information through a smart city technological solution

• The non-smart legacy surveillance platform lacks video processing capability, resulting in unclear images and low work efficiency • The existing information systems are isolated, making it difficult to centrally manage video surveillance products and achieve multi-platform interconnection and collaboration. As a result, intelligent analysis of massive data and effective data mining are impeded.

The challenge for the city of Miami is to create a greener and more efficient city. To achieve this, Florida Power and Light is deploying North America’s largest networked street lighting program to connect and control more than 500,000 street lights.

Pozuelo de Alarcón wanted to transform itself into a smart city. This was especially so due to demands from residents that the different administrations of the city make an effort to become more clean, efficient and optimize the use of city resources. The goals of this initiative was to decrease energy use, reduce CO2 emissions, detect and correct any excesses in water consumption and keep expenses in check.

Always seeking innovation, BH Technologies was studying an energy saving solution for its public lighting equipment. The company based in Grenoble (France) wanted a simple and autonomous system with high-level accuracy vehicle detection to be integrated with its public lighting control solution.

Designed to alert drivers when schoolchildren are present, especially in low-visibility conditions, school-zone flasher signals are typically updated manually at each school. The switching is based on the school calendar and manually changed when an unexpected early dismissal occurs, as in the case of a weather-event altering the normal schedule. The process to reprogram the flashers requires a significant effort by school district personnel to implement due to the large number of warning flashers installed across an entire school district.

The 215,000 street lights in Los Angeles include more than 400 different styles distributed across 7,500 miles of roadway. Maintenance has traditionally depended on crews who scout the streets at night to identify outages— that, and calls from citizens. The bureau handles 40,000 such calls per year. They needed to find new technology that could improve customer service, make people feel safer, and create a more livable city.

Buenos Aires, the largest city in Argentina, is constantly striving to become more sustainable and more welcoming. The constantly growing population, however, means increasing energy consumption and CO2 emissions, resulting in increasing energy costs and light pollution levels. The city required quality street lighting that would offer impeccable service in order to give its citizens a better place to live. To address these issues, Buenos Aires is implementing innovative solutions that are environmentally sustainable and cost-effective, and that can meet future demands of city life.

Municipalities and public institutions are concerned about air, water, noise or lighting pollution in cities. In the last years, it has become mandatory through several international regulations to reduce emissions that could impact in the environment and also inhabitants lives.Being a Smart City is more than just a trend, is a commitment with society and stakeholders.Carbon Track and Trace Project (CTT) aim is reducing CO2 emissions, combating climate change in cities and also developing a decision support system for cities greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions monitoring. It was funded by the Low Carbon City Lab flagship of the EU Climate KIC programme.

The Transport Administration is responsible for Sweden’s infrastructure. They plan the transportation system, decide on building projects, provide maintenance, procure services and are responsible for traffic information. In the early 1990s, the Administration introduced speed cameras, which monitor traffic on certain roads and photograph violations. The problem was that the cameras had to be emptied manually, which led to time-consuming administration and extra travel. The requirements for the new solution were higher: In addition to being connected to the cloud, the requirements for reliability and accessibility were extremely high.

Providing machine-to-machine (M2M) wireless connectivity to deliver vital traffic information to local municipalities and their motorists to improve traffic safety.